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Renewable energy primary consumption in Italy was 11.2 Mtoe of hydroelectricity〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bp.com/assets/bp_internet/globalbp/globalbp_uk_english/reports_and_publications/statistical_energy_review_2011/STAGING/local_assets/pdf/statistical_review_of_world_energy_full_report_2011.pdf )〕〔The figure is based on gross generation from hydroelectric plants, converted on the basis of thermal equivalence assuming 38% conversion efficiency.〕 and 5.6 Mtoe (or 3.5% of world total) of other renewables〔The figure is based on gross generation from renewable sources including wind, geothermal, solar, biomass and waste produced in the country, converted on the basis of thermal equivalence assuming 38% conversion efficiency.〕 in 2010, according to BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2011.〔 This was an increase of 22% over the previous year for renewables other than hydro. The combined primary energy from renewables accounts for about 10% of the total primary energy consumption in Italy, which was 172 Mtoe in 2010.〔 ==History== The urge to produce exclusively green energy in Italy came from the need to reduce the country's historical heavy dependence on fossil fuels and supply flows of hydrocarbons coming from Eastern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, and to comply with the binding international agreements of the Kyoto Protocol (signed in 1997 and implemented in 2005). During the twentieth century, Italy was at the forefront of technological development and the production of energy from renewable sources. In the field of geothermal energy, the first plant dates back to 1904, at Larderello in Tuscany, where in 1913 the first geothermal power plant was also built, and remained the only one in the world until 1958. With regards to hydropower, the first plant in Europe was built in Paderno d'Adda in Lombardy between 1895 and 1898. In the solar energy industry, the first power plant (that could produce steam at 450 °C) was built in Genoa in 1963, and in 1980 the first solar power tower that uses mirrors was built at Adrano in Sicily. As for the production of wind power, the first experimental projects (sponsored by the National Research Council and in collaboration with Enel) were started in the second half of the seventies as part of the restructuring of the entire system of production and supply of energy that followed the 1973 and 1979 energy crisis. During the eighties and the nineties renewable energy projects drew new life from three co-occurring factors: the rapid price increase of crude oil (caused by the tension and armed conflicts in the Middle East and Persian Gulf); a new public awareness of environmentalism (fuelled by the Chernobyl disaster in 1986); and the interruption of all construction of nuclear power plants in Italy and the ban on Enel on the participating in the construction or management of nuclear power plants beyond national borders (following the referendum of 1987). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Renewable energy in Italy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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